Is playing the victim always a conscious manipulation tactic?

Not always. Some people genuinely believe they’re being treated unfairly and aren’t consciously performing it — but the pattern can also be used deliberately to avoid accountability or control a conversation. Intent varies person to person.

How do you tell the difference between someone who’s genuinely hurt and someone playing the victim?

Genuine hurt usually opens toward resolution — the person wants to be heard and move forward. Victim-playing tends to resist resolution, since staying wronged is what maintains the leverage or sympathy.

How should you respond to someone who consistently plays the victim in a relationship?

Stay factual and avoid getting pulled into arguing over who’s “really” the victim. Naming the specific behavior and its impact, without escalating, tends to work better than debating intent.